ABSTRACT
This project work focused on the determination of the PH values of pure water
sachet and sample of borehole water found in Benin city, Edo State. The five
different pure water sample analyzed include ages, Maria, Faith, Mark, Uniben
and Uncle Sam. The five different borehole sample analyzed include the area
located at 8 Edo Street, Ugbowo, Block 25 Technical Estate No, 46 Jonathan
Akpobarie Street, Ohlucky Street BDPA, No 8, Otahigbogiue Street, Off Adolor
College road Ugbowo, and NO 3, 15th Street Off Estate Junction
road BDPA all located in Benin City. The result of the PH analysis show that
majority of the pure water produces adhere to the PH of 7.0 to 7.20 recommended
by the world health organisation (WHO). However, the result of the borehole
samples PH analysis show acidic characters. Based on these findings,
appropriate recommendations were made.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter One
Background of the study
Importance of pure water
Statement of problem
Purpose of the study
Aims and objectives of
the study
Significance of study
Hypothesis
Scope of study
Limitation
Definition of terms
Chapter Two
Literature review
Characteristics of water
Sources and availability
Surface water
Ground water
Pollution
Water pollution
Factors responsible for
water pollution
Effects
Domestic sewage effects
Industrial waste
Wastewater treatment
plants
Heavy metal
Measurement of pollution
characteristics
Physical characteristics
Chemical characteristics
World health
organisation drinking water standard
Waste from natural
sources
Thermal pollution of
surface water
Classification of water
pollutants
Chapter Three
Research methodology
Population of sample
Sample techniques
Experimental
Chapter Four
Presentation and
analysis of data
Sampling stations
Summary of PH of sachet
water sample and borehole sample
Chapter
Five
General observation
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
WHAT IS WATER?
Water is the most abundant liquid on earth it covers three quarters of the
earth surface. Oceans cover wsout 72% of the earth and the average depth is 2.5
miles. The oceans are the source of 97% of all water. The rest consist of 2.1%
in glaciers, 0.6% fresh water in lakes and rivers 0.6% ground waters and 0.1%
in brine well and brackish waters.
Water is the major components of living things for example, the water content
of human adult is 70% the same proportion as the earths surface. Water is a
liquid, which is colourless, odourless and tasteless. Human activities and
settlements hinge on the availability of water. In man, three quarters of the
fluid in him are made of water, water forms the essential medium in which the
chemical reactions of his cells processed.
IMPORTANCE OF
WATER
Our physical biological environment play important role on water. As a vapour,
it absorbs radiation to influence the heat balance and temperature of the
environment thereby bringing moisture to the containment through the water
cycle. Human activities and settlement also generate important role on water
availability which is used as a medium into which man disposes his wastes which
could be industrial domestic or agricultural. Water is so important that it is
involves in almost every activity in man.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
The research her
realised that some of the pure water sachets and boreholes water have a lot of
problems interms of not using the adequate or sufficient PH value recommended
by the NAFDAC. As this has direct effect with the general interest of the
consumers positively or negatively which influences the all round achievement
in pure water sachets and borehole water. So in doing this, the following
questions call for attention.
1. Are
pure water sachet companies in Benin City have too much acid content?
2. Are
the borehole water have too much acid content
3. Is
effluent from sewage plant properly treated?
4. Are
all the pure water sachet companies registered with the NAFDAC
5. Does
drinking water have taste, odour and colour?
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The relevance of this
research work is to examine and make a report on PH value of sachet water
samples and borehole water sample in Benin City. Some of the drinking water has
already been contaminated, that is to say, the packaging and that of the nylons
used to package the treated water are not properly checked. This research work
is also aim to determine to what level pure water sachet and borehole water
contained too acid and also to check whether all the pure water sachet
companies are registered with NAFDAC (national Agency for food and Drug
Administration Company).
1.4 AIMS
AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The aims and objective
of this study is to provide possible solutions that will sustain pure water
sachet companies and borehole water in Benin City, Edo State.
1. To
ensure consumer buy pure water sachet registered with NAFDAC.
2. To
encourage consumers to report to the NAFDAC, if they see pure water sachet not
registered being sold for drinking.
3. To
ensure pure water companies, the PH value of the water produced for consumption
are within the standard recommended by the WHO for drinking water.
4. To
check packaging and ensuring that the nylons used to package the treated water
do not contaminate the water put into it or give it some unwanted odour or
taste.
5. To
ensure that, the best chemical is been used during the treatment of water.
6. To
ensure that sewage water be treated carefully.
7. To
sanction all the pure water companies not registered with
NAFDAC.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
The researcher hopes
what this research work will go along way for the society in developing the
positive effects and thinking towards the determination of PH value of pure
water sachets and bore hole sample. The research work is considered on believe
to make the treatment more inclined to pure water sachet and bore hole water
and greatly helps the companies in formulating a well planned programmer that
will inculcate the right attitude towards the PH value of pure water sachet and
borehole water in Benin City.
The research study is
believed will make reforms of the present greatly increasingly emphasis on
providing the treatment equipment for the pure water sachet and borehole water.
The researcher study is to make all the pure water sachets and borehole water
to be properly checked before drinking in order to improve good health.
Finally, the research
work is believed to make an effort so that all the effluence from sewage plant
is treated with chloride before drinking.
1.6 HYPOTHESIS
1. Some
of the pure water sachet companies in Benin City have too much acid content.
2. Some
of the bore hole water have too much acid content
3. The
effluent from sewage plant is not properly treated.
4. Some
of the pure water sachet companies is not registered with NAFDAC.
5. Some
drinking water has taste, odour and colour.
1.7 SCOPE
OF STUDY
This research study
covers five selected pure water sachets companies and five of many different
type of borehole water were looked into to see if there PH is in line with the
recommendation for drinking water from the world health organisation WHO
standard in respect to PH of each water sample.
PURE WATER SAMPLE
1. Uniben
pure water
2. Maria
pure water
3. Ages
pure water
4. Faith
mark pure water
5. Uncle
Sam pure water
BOREHOLE SAMPLE
1. No
8 Edo Street off technical road
2. Black
25 technical estate
3. No
46 Jonathan Akpobaries street
4. No
3 15th Street off estate junction
5. No.
8 Otahoigbogie Street, off Adolor College.
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Water: This is a liquid without colour, taste or
odour that falls as rain, is in lake, rivers, and seas, is used for drinking,
washing and so on.
Pollution: It is a change in physical, chemical, or
Biological conditions in the environment of the air. Water or land that can
harmfully affect health, survival, or activities of human or other living
organisms.
Acid: These are the compounds that produces hydrogen
ion (H+) as the only positive ions.
Base: It is a compound that produces hydroxide ions
(H-) in aqueous solutions.
PH: This is defined as the negative logarithm to
base ten of the hydrogen ion concentration.
Department | Bio-Chemistry |
Project ID Code | BCH0017 |
Chapters | 5 Chapters |
No of Pages | 68 pages |
Methodology | Null |
Reference | YES |
Format | Microsoft Word |
Price | ₦4000, $15 |
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Contact Us On | +2349067372103 |
Contact Us On | +2349094562208 |
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