ABSTRACT
In many establishments,
especially government-owned ones, it has been found that situations, which are
inimical to the achievement of organizational goals, do usually exist.
These situations exist
because of the kind of management styles being practiced in the
establishments. Observations have shown that those at the helm of affairs
in many of these establishments adopt the kind of management styles, which
enhance the efficiency, and productivity level of the employees, while others
adopt management styles, which hamper productivity and encourage inefficiency
among workers. A closer look at some government-owned establishment
reveal that the management style being practiced in them are characterized
by favouritism, autocracy, inability to delegate job, poor communication
with subordinates, inability to allow employees participate in decision making,
inability to motivate workers for greater productivity.
This study takes a
critical look at the effects of these management styles on the efficiency and
performance of workers in government-owned establishments with particular
reference to Nike Lake Resort, Enugu.In order to undertake this study, tables,
simple percentages and absolute numbers were used to analyze the data collected
for the study.
Several findings were
made in this research among which is that the efficiency of workers is
dependent on the cordial relationship existing between them and the management
and also idea to encourage participation.
Based on the findings,
the researcher made several recommendations and encouraged those at the helm of
affairs to establish a cordial relationship with the employees and adopt a
management style that will enhance the efficiency of the employees. Finally,
this study is divided into five chapters. Each of these chapters was made
very explicit in the main text of this study
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
Study.
1.2 Statement of the
Problem.
1.3 Purpose of the
Study.
1.4 Scope of the
Study.
1.5 Research
Questions.
1.6 Research Hypothesis.
1.7 Significance of the
Study.
1.8 Limitations of the
Study.
1.9 Definition of
Terms.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE.
2.1 Concept and
Definitions of Management.
2.2 Who is a
Manager.
2.3 The Functions of a
Manager.
2.4 Management by
Objective.
2.5 Delegation of
Responsibilities and Its Effects on Workers.
2.6 Motivation and Its
Effects on Workers.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH DESIGN AND
METHOLOGY.
3.1 Research
Design.
3.2 Area of the
Study.
3.3 Population of the
Study.
3.4 Sample and Sampling
Procedure.
3.5 Instrument for Data
Collection
3.6 Validation of the
Instrument.
3.7 Reliability of the
Instrument.
3.8 Method of Data
Collection.
3.9 Method of Data
Analysis.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS
AND DATA INTERPRETATION.
4.1 Presentation
and Analysis of Data
4.2 Testing of
Hypothesis.
4.3 Summary of
Results.
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION ON RESULT
FINDINGS.
5.1 Discussions on
Findings.
5.2 Conclusion.
5.3 Implications of the
Research Findings.
5.4 Recommendations.
5.5 Suggestions for Further
Research.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
I
APPENDIX
II
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this chapter
is to present the introductory part of this work. It is further subdivided into
the following sub headings:
1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It is an established
fact that the efficiency, effectiveness and the productivity level of workers
in any organization are totally dependent to a great extent on how well the
organization is managed.
In the contemporary
times, man has always geared his efforts towards ensuring that the concept of
management is not thrown to the whirlwinds, and he does this in order to
enhance the chances of his organization enjoying optimal productivity.
Ejiofor defined
management as a process of getting things done through and with people.
Government-owned establishment is a place where the concept of management
(especially good management) is a pre-requisite for effective and efficient
performance of the workers. Sequel to this, the management style adopted
in any unit of the government establishment affects the performances of the
workers in that unit or department. This is because, when the manager or
a leader in any unit is efficient and effective, the subordinates under his
control are likewise. But where the reverse is the case, the end result
is inefficiency, low productivity and poor performance.
There is no misgiving
whatsoever in saying that government establishments are among the most
important sectors of the nation’s economy given the fact that a major share of
every state’s annual budget goes to the administration and general welfare of
the workers in government-owned establishment. This gives credence to
this testimony.
It is noted that
productivity in government establishment (especially the Civil Service) has a
kind of multiplier effect on the services and profit making potentials of all
business enterprises. This is because if the government establishment
performs sub-optimally, our health, education and general welfare must be
adversely affected. The productivity level of even the private
organizations as well would dwindle; their profit position would be very poor;
social responsibilities of the business managers and entrepreneurs would be
neglected: employees would be laid off and taxes stop flowing into the
government coffers, and finally, contributions to the national growth are
generally affected. Above all, inefficiency becomes the order of the day
especially among the workers in government establishments.
To emphasize more on the
effects of consequences of inefficiency to an organization, Terry stated, “an
inefficient organization is the one that operates with waste and carelessness”.
It does not make provision for work satisfaction and has no clear-cut lines on
authority and responsibility. It does not allow the appropriate
participation of workers in problem solving and gives no provision for security
and status. This means that for government-owned establishment, the
participation of both the employee and the management in decision-making as
well as responsibility and authority is a sine qua non to operational
efficiency. This will enable the employees have a sense of belonging
within the establishment and makes them to avoid waste and carelessness.
All these can be achieved if there is a good management style.
It is as a result of the
above analogy that the researcher intends to take a critical look at a selected
government establishment and find out the effects of the management style on
the efficiency and performances of the workers in the organization.
1.1.1 BRIEF
HISTORY OF NIKE LAKE RESORT, ENUGU
Hotel industry is a purely
profit-oriented form of business organization that provides overnight lodging,
provision of accommodation, restaurant services and other wide range of
services to the general public. Until recently, this sector of the
economy is presumed to be a relatively small business unit which required
little capital outlay for its establishment and
accordingly centres its operations virtually on the rendering of
restaurant services. However, it is not surprising that this sector has
developed into a dynamic and progressive profession following the increase in
worldwide demand for its services in recent years. Its indispensability
has been promoted most significantly by current expansion in commerce, industry
and technology.
Nike Lake Resort is one of the biggest hotels in Enugu
State of Nigeria, owned by the state government. This hotel was the brainchild
of the former Anambra state governor Jim Nwobodo. It was during his regime that
the foundation block of Nike Lake was laid. The hotel was officially commissioned
on Saturday 6th
February 1988 by late General Sani Abacha, the chief of army staff during the
tenure of Col. Robert Nnaemeka, the military governor of old Anambra state.
It is not far from the
truth to state that Nike lake Hotel occupied an enviable state in the annals of
hotel industry and tourism not only in the east of the Niger but also in
Nigeria as a whole since its inception in 1988.
This magnificent
edifice, which beautifies Nike Lake road, was a source of great income to Enugu
state government and this was as a result of the great patronage accorded to it
by travelers, tourist, and other innumerable guests.
However, the fortune of
this hotel started to dwindle during the 1990’s because of inefficiency and
mismanagement.
1.2.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It has been observed
that government-owned establishments in Nigeria have been experiencing a lot of
problems over the years. Many rational Nigerians are of the opinion that
government-owned establishments have been performing below expectations.
This observation is not far from the truth especially when one compares their
performances with other establishments especially the privately owned in
existence in the country.
Studies have shown that
in the recent times, governments (both state and federal) are not good managers
of business. And from the late 80’s, it was noticed that many government
establishments have performed so dismally to the extent that their management
found it an impossible task to pay their workers’ salaries due to low
productivity. This low productivity has given rise to inefficiency and
low morale among the workers. Even at present, the situation cannot be
said to have ameliorated.
The problem plaguing
many government-owned establishments is management problem. The
management style adopted by those at the helm of affairs has affected to a
great extent the performances of the workers. These management styles
include autocracy, favoritism, inability to delegate jobs/responsibilities,
inability to decentralize authority, poor communication between managers and
subordinates, non-application of the concept of management by objectives
(M.B.O) and above all, inability to motivate employees for greater
productivity.
This study therefore is
intended to critically look at the extent to which the management styles,
adopted in the selected establishment, have affected the performances of the
workers. It also examines how efficient the management of the
establishment has been, especially in these turbulent times as well as the
management problems confronting it. The study also suggested some
solutions to the noted management problems so as to help the establishment
achieve the objective for which it was established.
1.3. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
There are some reasons
why government set up establishments. These include, to provide services
to the public and also make profit to justify their existence and above all, to
serve as the greatest provider of employment opportunities for the unemployed
citizenry. Based on the above analogy, the purpose of this study are
therefore aimed at,
i. Examining
the management styles adopted by government establishment (under study) in
Enugu State.
ii. Identifying
the factors responsible for the poor performance of government-owned
establishments.
iii. To
examine to what extent the practice of effective management is in existence in
the government establishment.
iv. Identify
the managerial problems that militate against the attainment of the purposes of
government establishments and their effects on the performance of the workers.
v. Proffering
solutions or measures through which these management problems identified could
be alleviated to increase workers’ performances.
1.4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Osuala says that an
adequate statement of a problem defines it very carefully in terms of its
scope. As a result of this, it is very obvious for a researcher to set forth
the bounds on the topic being researched on.
The scope of this study
covers a selected establishment owned by the Enugu State government known
as Nike Lake Resort.
1.5. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In pursuance of this
research work, the researcher considered it necessary to pose some research
questions. These research questions would enable any reader of this work
to comprehend clearly what the study is all about. However, it is
important to state that these research questions are formulated based on the
purpose of this study:
i. What
exactly is the kind of management style adopted in this government
establishment under study?
ii. What
exactly are the management problems existing in this establishment which
militate against its attainments of its objective?
iii. Do
you think that the management attitude towards the employees is the factor
responsible for their poor performances and inefficiency in the establishment?
iv. What
is the degree of relationship between the management and the employees and how
does it affect the performances of the employees in the establishment
v. Do
you think that inefficiency on the part of workers is dependent on lack of
motivation by the management
1.6 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
In undertaking this
study, the researcher decided to work on the following hypothesis.
H0: The efficiency and
performance of workers in an organization does not depend on how effective the
management is.
H1: The efficiency and
performance of workers in an organization depends to a great extent on how
effective their management is.
H0: The management style
adopted in any organization has no degree of relevance to its operational
efficiency and productivity.
H1: The management
style adopted in any establishment has a reasonable degree of relevance to its
operational efficiency and productivity.
1.7.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is important to
mention that this study dealt primarily with a selected government
establishment in Enugu State with special reference to Nike Lake
Resort, Enugu. The findings of this research hopefully will be of
immense value to the selected establishment. Therefore, this research
work is very significant because it will enable the researcher to make an
outline of the organizing principles and also examine the organizational
systems and structures of the government establishment.
This study is also significant
because it will help to identify the factors responsible for the structural
gaps and functional overlaps in this establishment, which are by-products of
ineffective management.
Moreover, this study is
important because it will enable the researcher to make a proposition for this
establishment to enable them achieve their objectives.
This study is
significant because the findings and subsequent recommendations by the
researcher would be of great importance to other organizations which might be
experiencing poor performances as a result of the management styles they
adopted.
Finally, this study
would be a contribution to the academic development of the theories of
management and it would be very useful to other researchers who might wish to
research further under the subject matter in future.
1.8. DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following definition
of terms represents the specific meaning that will be given to them in this
study. These terms are:
EFFICIENCY: This is the ratio between output and input.
An efficient operation has a high output ratio while a low ratio denotes
inefficiency in operations.
EFFECTIVENESS: The effectiveness of an organization implies the
degree at which it attains its goals or the ability of the systems as a whole
to effect intended result.
MANAGEMENT: In this study, management is the process of
utilizing the resources of an organization to accomplish set objectives.
And in some other places, it is used to denote the human elements at the helm
of affairs in the organization.
PERFORMANCE: This means achievement, productivity and
successful completion of tasks.
PRODUCTIVITY: This means the ability of the organization to
attain its goals and objectives within a given period (technical effectiveness)
or goal attainment perspective.
COMMUNICATION: This is a process whereby ideas, facts,
information, thought, images and instructions are transmitted from one person
to another.
AUTHORITY: This is the ability of a superior to give orders
and the right to exact obedience from the subordinates.
Department | Business Administration and Management |
Project ID Code | BAM0174 |
Chapters | 5 Chapters |
No of Pages | 77 pages |
Methodology | Null |
Reference | YES |
Format | Microsoft Word |
Price | ₦4000, $15 |
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