ABSTRACT
Topic of this research
is the strategies for managing petroleum products scarcity in Nigeria.
The purpose of this
study is to evaluate the extent to which petroleum product scarcity are
managed. In conducting research the researcher made use oral interview and
questionnaire she also review other related literature necessary to
provide the required data for the. There are three chapter (3) in this
project chapter one deals with the introduction and the problems associated
with the subject matter were discussed chapter two is the review of relate
literature is examined which deals with the origin of petroleum in Nigeria
Chapter three is the
examination of conclusion which deals in the data presentation
TABEL OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.
Introduction
1.1
Problems of the subject matter
1.2
Problems (3) that the study will be concerned with
1.3
Problems (s) that study will be concerned with
1.4
The importance of studying the area
1.5
Definition of important terms
1.6
Reference (using APA method )
CHAPETR TWO
2.0 Literature
review
2.1 The origin of the subject area
2.2 School of thoughts within the subject area;
2.3 The school of though relevant to the problem of
the study;
2.4 Difference methods of studying the problems
2.5 Summary
2.6 References
CHAPTER THREE
3.
CONCLUSION
3.1 Data presentation [highlights of the study]
3.2 Analysis of the data
3.3 Recommendation
3.4 Conclusions
3.5 General references
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The story and a look
into the background of petroleum which is basically a mixture of crude oil and
gas is fascinating. History has it that several light years ago
plants and animals died and their remains become buried deep beneath earth
under many thick layers of sedimentary rock such as limestone, shale’s etc
through several physical and chemical changes these organic remains formed
petroleum and it is found on land.
The search for
petroleum is an expensive and a complex exercise which being with the
survey involving geological mapping rock sampling and analysis the
most prominent method used in this surveys is seismic in which explosives are
discharge into the ground. The feedback is processed analyzed and
recorded as a raw seismic data. The data is then processed and interred
probable with the aid of computer to show area as of probable oil and gas
accumulation such area as are then selected for further investigation through
drilling
When oil is discovered
in commercial quantities through drilling the oil is sent to stations where
water and gas are separated and oil is piped to refines where it is refined and
converted into products such as premium motor spirits (PMS) or (PMS) or
popularly know as fuel, Automatic gas oil (AGO) also know as diesel or gas Dual
purpose kerosene (DPK) and many other productions however this study is
concerned with PMS, AGO and DPK. These are know (technically) as white
product.
It is based on the above
historical ground in 1937 shell D Arcy petroleum development company
began their curious search for cruse oil in Nigeria (schatzl, 1969:16)
(schatzl 1969 p.9) said
that after the interruption from 1941-1946 caused by the second world war they
followed an intensifications of he undertaking. Through geological ground
investigation then followed an appraised based on aerial geological
photograph. Definite information as to whether crude oil is actually
present in potentially productive geological and geophysical methods of
investigation are obtained and also the evidence of oil accumulation can be
obtained only through drilling operations.
In the period from
1951-1966, the beginning of drilling activity were carried on and wells are drilled
the wells were concentrated only in a territory south of a line drawn through
Benin City Owerri and Calabar all located in the tropical rain forest and the
mangrove swamp vegetation zones sequel to this , a total of is wells were
drilled (schatal 1969, p.14)
All drillings in the
North and East parts of Eastern Nigeria which were dry or only discovered
natural gas deposits while wells drilled in the southern part of eastern region
especially in Oloibin and Afan found in the Miocene deposits very promising
crude oil accumulations at a dept from 9,00 to 11,00 feet’s.
From 1957-1959, shed BP
spurred on by the discovery of crude oil in Oloibin and Afan increased
the number of its drillings. After that they was then a clear
concentration of drilling activity in south eastern Nigeria. The
increased drilling activity was as a result of discovery of lightly productive
field in Bomu, Libubu, Imo, River, Olorokoro, drilling intensity was
concentrated around port Harcourt and Ughelli and some of the off shore areas
in 1964.
Mobil oil sank its first
exploratory wells in 1959. mobile producing Nigeria unlimited. Jonnesscee
in 1962 America overseas Gulf oil both in 1963 and SAFRAP and AGLP
in 1964. especially note worthy among these is GULE OIL for whom 44 out of
57 wells showed oil deposit (Schatzle 1969; 22)
The figures according to
schatzle (1969) stated that the proportion of crude oil resources in Nigeria
was 0.85% of the total world reserve Nigeria has 13.3% of the Africa resources.
CRUSE OIL RESERVES OF NIGERIA
1958-65 IN MILLION TONS
YEAR |
CRUDE OIL RECSOURCE IN
MILLION TONS |
IN MILLIONS |
IN YEAR |
1958 |
3 |
0.256 |
12 |
1959 |
11 |
0.533 |
20 |
1960 |
`21 |
0.837 |
25 |
1961 |
14 |
0.244 |
18 |
1962 |
55 |
3.274 |
17 |
1963 |
69 |
3.712 |
19 |
1964 |
137 |
5.858 |
23 |
1965 |
408 |
13.324 |
31 |
With a production of 20.5 million tons in 1966 Nigeria stands 13th place
in an international ranking of crude oil production in Nigeria whose share of
world production is 1.32% has only a small significance in the world wide
economy.
On the other hand within
African Nigeria after Libya and Algeria is the third most important producing
country oxford university press (ranking of crude oil producers (this day
2000p13) Nigeria share of Africa crude oil production amounted to over 15 % of
1966.
Commercial crude oil
production began in Nigeria in December 1957. then the production volume
increased to 6.6million barrels in 1960.161. this relatively small use in
production is due primarily to limited transport capacity. The availability of
crude oil in port of Bonny in April 1961 as well as the expansion of he
pipeline not caused an immediate and pronounced rise in crude
oil production in 1961/62 to more than 28 million tons. Since then crude oil
production in Nigeria by intensification of drilling activities and
expansion of transport capacity has increased continually.
After the discovery of
crude oil commercial quantities in Oloibin now River in 1956Nigeria
psychological and social profile change by 1970. Oil accounted for
more than 8.5 percent of total earnings. And between 1970-2001. Oil
has now accounted for more than 94 percent of total income earning of Nigeria.
With such impressive
earning Nigeria was involved in prestige projects (new watch October 24,
1994,p8) this was the period of oil boom in Nigeria oil and money was so
surplus then a one time “that the problem Nigeria has was not money then how to
spend it”
However, following the
cessation of hostilities in the Nigeria civil was in 1970 activities
(economic) and for petroleum products was as high that by 1974/75 Sogore
shortage of products become the order of the day (Akpieye 1987p.3) Nigeria
began to witness a bit of petroleum shortage.
The result of these
shortages or scarcity became long queues and scrambling a service
stations and the shortage passed obvious threat to the economic growth of the
country
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER
The art of instituting
strategies for managing petroleum product scarcity in Nigeria does not
just occur. There are circumstances fact environmental influence
individual behavioural approach which are statistic to the subject matter.
For effective strategies
to petroleum products scarcity in Nigeria two factor has to be considered
first. One is to initiate the plan and the other is to carryout the initiated
strategies as regards to managing petroleum products scarcity in our
country. One time petroleum monster in the Banbangida
administration in his interview with the statuary concord quoted that the
menace of fuel scarcity in Nigeria does not arise as result of policies set out
by his mining and her superior but as a result of carrying out to its
fullest this polices and strategies in order to curtail fuel scarcity in
Nigeria (Saturday concord 1998 p11)
It is pertinent to state
that the problems that are linked with the strategies for managing
petroleum products scarcity in Nigeria is necessary as a result of the lack
luster attitude of the policies stipulated by the federal
government and her subordinates. A pointer to the fact is the purported
Turn around maintenance (IAM) of Nigeria oil refineries that was awarded by
Obasanjo administration in his first tenure bit up till now the turn around
maintenance has not being carried out by the construction firm
handling the contract citing lack of find as the cause . but this is far from
the truth as the federal government to release fund but is being
diverted into personal account by some unscrupubus individual who prefer to
enrich themselves than to carry out the work they are asked to do.
On the contary the
federal government sometime initiates Kangaroo policies. That is
initiating strategies that are meant to deceive the masses. They carry
propaganda both on spirit and electronic medias that strategies measures have
been put in place to work out strategies for managing petroleum products
scarcity in the country but all the plans is only on the faces of newspapers.
Iam David west after being released from Tirikiri prison in the book
wrote the “ the military government effort to rib the lingering fuel scarcity
in Nigeria in the bud is characterized by he more you look the less
you see”
On the other hand the
persistence of pipeline vandalization by hoodlums and those that are sabotaging
the government is also not helping the matter. They have been many cases of
0i8l pipeline vandalization in our country’ which ahs also been a set back on
the strategies for managing petroleum products scarcity in Nigeria. They
have been many cases of oil pipeline vandalization in Delta State Imo
Sate and so many other area in our country. To this effect the federal
government has put in place stringent measure to put a stop this wholesome act,
but it seems that it is in the increase daily despite the measure by the
federal government.
Other problem associated
with the strategies for managing petroleum product scarcity in Nigeria that it
is as serious as the former is petroleum products diversification petroleum
products diversification has been a hobby in our country today and it is not
helping matter.
1.2 PROBLEM
(S) THAT THE STUDY WILL BE CONCEERNED WITH
In real life no problem
whether business or non profit organization problem ever present itself
as a case on which a decision can be taken this problem can better be defined
as follows
·
The problem created by petroleum product scarcity in the country is so much
that it has much that it has threatened the socio- political and economic
foundation of this country.
·
The problem of discovering the root causes of scarcity and causes of scarcity
and causes of shortage of petroleum products
·
The problem of management strategies for proper implementation of these
economic decision to lessen the suffering of the people with regards to
products scarcity.
·
The problem of transporting petroleum products to service station and
avoidance of diversity
·
The problem of some co-operate bodies in sabotaging the government on their
effort to put and end to petroleum products scarcity in the country thereby breaking
oil pipeline in order to indulge in petroleum bunkering the problem security
agents in the distribution of petroleum products.
Some if not all these
mentioned and determined effects problems and their solution will be critically
viewed to serve as possible recommendation to this present situation and also
forestall a better solution to better management of petroleum products scarcity
in Nigeria. Also the resign of the investigation is elicit the effect of
petroleum product scarcity in our country.
1.3 THE
IMPORTANT OF STUDYING THE AREA
In the first place this
research will go a long way towards finding elasting solution to the
epileptic supply of petroleum product in the country (Nigeria ) by offering
strategies and management styles necessary for a steady supply of
products with less interruption
This piece of work will
also be a source or serve s a stepping stone for others who will
venture into a similar research work. The oil industry has immense potentials
and it plays a vital role in the nations economy. it contributed
significantly in employment generation and raw materials development especially
in petrol chemical industries and if properly managed will serve as vehicles
for bridging the rural Urban the nation’s economy and perhaps the future
of us all.
Further there are
project which under normal situation would have grown and diversities if
properly managed. The state is spending a lot of hard currency in purchasing
and procuring both foreign refused products and qualified personnel to
supplement the local resource. A well managed oil industry
business will always minimize its profit which will enable it go into research
and development
Through this she will
eventually start sourcing its raw materials locally thereby sawing the foreign
exchange which would have been used for that purpose. Also this research
work as an academic study will be of great value to those involved in
fashioning out strategies for managing petroleum products scarcity in our
country (Nigeria)
DEFINITION OF
IMPORTANT TERMS
For the sake of clarity
this study will give operational definition of some important terms in the
topic.
* PETROLUM: Mineral
oil that forms under the ground or the sea and is extracted through holes bored
beneath. It is refined to produce petrol
* SCARICTY: The
lack of something or difficulty of obtaining it
* EXPLORATION: This
is the act of looking natural oil gas reserves
* CRUDE
OIL: This
is an oil in its natural state i.e oil that has not being refined
* REFINERY: A
factory where something is refined could be oil etc
* VANDLIZE: To
destroy or damage works of art property pipeline etc no good reason
* PIPELINE: This
is a series of connected pips usually underground for transportation oil gas
etc. to a distance place
* PROPAGANDA: Ideas
or statement that are intended as publicity for a particular cause
especially a political one and are often exaggerated or false.
* DIVERSON: This
is the action of turning something aside or changing its direction
* SERVICE
STATION: Petrol or
oil/fuel filling station
* SABOTAGE: Damage
done deliverable to destroy one or something.
Department | Business Administration and Management |
Project ID Code | BAM0144 |
Chapters | 3 Chapters |
No of Pages | 31 pages |
Methodology | Null |
Reference | YES |
Format | Microsoft Word |
Price | ₦4000, $15 |
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Contact Us On | +2349067372103 |
Contact Us On | +2349094562208 |
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