ABSTRACT
This study was designed to find
out the factors responsible for pupils poor performance in in selected
primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. To find out the
factors, ten primary schools with numbers of pupils and teachers were randomly
sampled for this research. The instrument used was questionnaire, relevant
literatures from both journals, lecture and books were reviewed as to find out
the opinion of other authors about the factors responsible for pupils poor
performance in. These were trace to the following factors:
1.
Inadequate of qualified and experienced teachers.
2.
Wrong method of teaching and lack of sufficient literature
materials
3.
Teachers poor motivation
4.
Lack of test books in primary schools
5.
Lack of interest and unconducive environment, etc
From the above findings, the
following recommendations were made to improve the pupils performance in .
1.
The ministry of education should employ adequate number of qualified teachers;
provide in-service training for the teachers in the system.
2.
The government and the parents/teachers associated (PTA) should jointly provide
schools with sufficient instructional materials and teachers by reducing the
population of pupils from 80 to 40 pupils from easy management.
3.
Teachers should vary their method of teaching to make the lessons
interesting to the pupils.
4.
The condition of service for teachers should be improved to motivate them by
promoting them when due and early payment of salary.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Background to the study
Statement of problem
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Definition of terms
Literature review
Chapter three
Population of the study
Research instrument
Pupils questionnaire
Method of data collection
Method of data analysis
Analysis and interpretation of
data
Discussion of findings
Summary, recommendation and
conclusion
Summary
Recommendation
Conclusion
Suggestion for further studies
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Oredo Local Government Area is one of the areas that make up Edo State of
Nigeria. The investigation is concerned with the primary schools and junior
secondary schools. At this level of education all students offer. The study
of has a tremendous role to play in the development of a country. It is
concerned with the development of a country. It is concerned with the
development of a responsibility for the socializing and humanizing of the
child. The focus of this objective is the inculcation of these desirable norms,
values, attitudes and behaviour in the growing child to make him fit into the
society.
In the light of the above, the
objectives of in primary schools and junior secondary schools cannot be
overemphasized. According to the national policy on education, in
Nigerian primary schools and junior secondary schools should aim at;
a.
Developing the right citizenship as a basis for effective participation in
contribution to the life of the society.
b.
Developing in the child the ability to adopt to his changing environment
c.
Inculcating character and moral training and the development of sound mind
d.
Beside, the primary school child should develop appreciation of the dignity of
man and liberty
e.
Developing sense of sympathy and compassion for the less fortunate members of
the society
f.
Develop sense of respect and tolerance of the opinions of others even in
disagreement, and
g.
Develop willingness to accept necessary changes
In purchase of these
objectives, the study of, create in the individual the awareness to restructure
their goals and objectives in line with the acceptable norms and rule of the
society. This will lead to the attainment of a just and egalitarian society, a
united, strong and self-reliant nation. Today, the national policy on education
in Nigeria clearly spelt our status of, particularly in the primary and junior
secondary schools. It is to be offered by;
Federal republic of Nigeria:
National Policy on Education, Nigerian education research council press,
1981-the pupils as a core subject, implying that, they cannot afford to
dispense with it. What needs to make one thoughtful here is that inspite of the
present emphasis on science and technology in Nigeria, the national policy on
education has given a place of eminence in the scheme of things.
The investigator, aware of this
tremendous importance of the study of to the individual and the entire
community decided to embark on a study of the problems associated with the
teaching of , taking primary school in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State
as a case study.
The role of
in a developing nation like Nigeria cannot be over emphasized. Suffice it to
say that a good knowledge and application of principles of by the
citizens of this country will be a great benefit to the nation as a whole. It
is a known fact that have not been given a due recognition as a core
subject in the past but only now. As a result of recent inclusion in the
curriculum as a core subject, there is bound to be factors associated with the
teaching and learning of . This investigator wants to look into, such problems
militating against the effective teaching and learning of the subject is the
acute shortage of the professionally qualified teachers. The number of
unqualified teachers our schools is alarming and there is no denying fact that effort
effective teaching of any subject is predicated on the caliber of people
charged with the responsibility of teaching the subject. Apart from the fact
that these set of teachers are not professionally qualified, they care less
about teaching personal business at the expense of the children in Oredo L.G.A.
Teacher in primary schools is a factor responsible for pupil’s poor performance
in .
According to Daily Times
opinion, the survey carried out by the National Teacher Institute in November,
1983 showed that out of 300, 000 teachers in the country, 200, 000 a clear two
third were unqualified. A pupil trained by quack teacher under bamboo tree or a
shade without the barest facilities, we believe is likely to be denied the self
fulfillment and confidence that an adequate education give. In schools where
there are enough qualified teachers to handle the various subjects, the
performance of the pupils differs from those schools with less qualified
teachers.
According to Akor (1980), he
said that the important of well-qualified and experienced teachers cannot be
overemphasized. They are the essential ingredients needed by pupils to learn
effectively.
Dr. Titus Olikhens, one time
Bendel State commissioner for education, in his article stated that ‘shortage
of qualified teachers, insufficient provision of instructional materials and
teaching methods and lack of incentives for the study were problems militating
against the achievement of the objectives of .
Norman, A. pebble argued that one of the things affecting the effective
teaching of teachers to provide better explanation which is traceable to
their lack of adequate concept and research method’.
M. B. Oguniyi et al write that
‘many teachers of are not trained. The few trained and qualified ones
hardly stay as classroom teachers as they find other forms of employment or to
higher institution of learning. Combei and Keeves reported qualification and
previous experience, perception of professional role; responsibility goal and
interest affect the teaching of . In this context, schools with N.C.E.
graduates teachers tend to have better primary six certificate and junior
secondary school results than schools with grade II teachers.
Lack of textbooks is another
factors that are responsible for poor performance in . There are no enough and
comprehensive books for both the teachers and the pupils or students to use. As
a result of non-availability of authentic textbooks, teachers do not give vivid
information to the pupils or students in Oredo L.G.A. The few available ones
are out-dated.
M. B. Oguniyi et al stated that
acute lack of textbooks and other printed materials are inadequate. Funds are
not also made readily available for teachers to purchase basic materials needed
for improvising apparatus. Also, writing along the same line, I. B. Otitoju
stated that many students teachers are likely to find themselves in schools
where there are no text books and instructional materials and the students
teachers are expected to perform the miracle of teaching pupils , that
improvised materials will be of help to the teacher and the pupils. The
inability of teachers to make use of improvised materials kills the
interest of pupils staying the subjects.
The method of teaching is
another factor responsible for poor performance.
Bajah in his book said that ‘
teaching at all levels of the country is out dated. The norm is the traditional
approach with the teacher at the center of activities and with memorization as
the prima means of learning. Although memorization has its place, it cannot on
its own arouse the pupil’s real interest and imagination, nor can it capture
their involvement in the process of learning.
According to Abdullahi (1982),
he sated that ‘inspite of orientation courses, some teachers still go back to
their schools to teach by the lecture method or textbook method. in this
regard, schools where teachers vary their methods of teaching, the pupils tend
to understand more than schools were the teachers use the lecture method
to impact knowledge to the pupils. Different method of teaching help to cater
for the different abilities of pupils in class and more able to understand
better’.
According to Maduabum, it is
essential for nay teacher of to became acquainted with teaching methods
that will help pupils achieve learning objectives’. Commenting further, he said
that several methods exist which teachers can utilize to ensure effective
learning, such method include demonstration method, discussion method, project
method, field trip, play away method etc.
According to Essien (1978) p.
81, he therefore enumerated some common faults in the teaching of in
primary schools and junior secondary schools;
·
Lack of preparation
·
Lack of interest by teachers
·
Attempting too much problems in the lesson
Following the introduction of
the Universal Primary Education (UPE), programme into the country, this caused
a gigantic increase in pupils population in primary schools. Some schools have
almost eight hundred pupils on roll. However, there is no doubt that less time
is available for individual attention to the pupils. In most of the classroom,
where group work is done, the classes are so noisy and rowdy and the teachers
are unable to control the pupils. Such a situation does not allow for effective
learning. Due to the number of pupils in the classroom, the teachers use much
of the time meant for teaching in controlling the pupils, as such, much work is
done in short time because the teachers will now try to teach every thing fort
the period in less time. There will be no time left for the teacher to pay
attention to individual pupils with individual difference. This does not give
room for effective teaching of and it affect the performance of the
pupils in .
Pupils Lack of Interest and Unconducive
Environments
Unconducive environment and
lack of interest affect their performance in schools. S. G. Tunde (1987) in his
lecture said, students tend to shy away and become frustrated from the subject
because of their poor and this makes them to be weak academically and others
think that social sciences is very easy hence little or no attention is paid to
the subjects in the classroom.
A. M. Maduabum (1984) in his
book titled “Teaching effectively” said ‘pupils come from different
socio-economic background. Some may come from rich family, some from poor
families and others from what may be regarded as middle class homes. A pupils
performance in school is subject to modifications by the amount of time and the
kind of home environment to study in the extra moral activities in which he
participate and the manner in which he spent his leisure time, all of which are
largely dependent upon the socio-economic status of his parents. For instances,
a child who hawks rice, banana, beans after school, and come back home fatigues
is not likely to perform better than one who is provided with extra coaching
courses at home after school and has a good time to study in a relatively
stimulating intellectual environment. He further added that a learner’s entry
behaviour is his previous background knowledge, which is related to the lesson
at home. It facilitates their understanding of the new lesson if he is reminded
of it. He further said that ‘the failure of pupils to grasp complex concepts
was due to lack of appropriate cognitive preparation’.
Lack of sufficient
instructional materials: lack of sufficient instructional materials generally
hinders the teaching and learning of . This fact cannot be over-emphasized, as
instructional materials are the only way open to teaching of to support
verbal illustration to sustain the pupil interest for a considerable length of
times.
M. A. Maduabun pointed out that
if is to be properly learned, the classroom for sole reliance on the
inadequate school resources will create an undesirable class majority, he
therefore suggested that it is described that teacher should endeavor to
improve the quality of their teaching through improvisation, so as to make
learning a bit more pleasurable act effective. With the proper use of these
materials, teaching can be made more meaningful and concrete. The mere use for
these materials however, does not guarantee effective teaching. It is therefore
carefully selected and skillful handling of these instructional materials by
the teachers that will render useful teaching and learning.
M. B. Ogunniyi et al stated
that there is active shortage of textbook and other printed materials in our schools.
He said that funds are not also made readily available to purchase basic
materials needed for improvising, many teachers do not feel motivate to teach.
Teacher’s poor motivation is
another factor responsible for pupil’s poor performance in .
The frequent strikes by
teachers in Oredo L.G.A. of Edo State as a result of poor service conditions
clearly shows that teachers are not motivated to teach well. A poorly
motivated teacher will teach the subject poorly.
According to M. B. Ogunniyi
many teachers of are not trained in the subject, the few trained and
qualified ones hardly stay as classroom teachers as they find some other forms
of employment or go to higher institution, because they are not motivated.
Teachers salary are not always
paid on time. A hungry teacher will not be motivated to teach.
The personality and disposition
of teachers for a long way in affecting the social and moral behavior of the
pupils or students. The teachers themselves lack the social qualities they want
to the pupils to have. Most teachers in this local government are behaves
contrary to the expected norms and values of the society. In attempting to find
solution to the above problems, the investigators decided to look at the
following specific questions;
1.
Does the quality of teachers influence academic performance?
2.
What role does teachers prepared noted play on academic performances?
3.
What role does textbooks play on academic performance?
4.
Does teachers personality and disposition influence academic excellence?
The study is aimed specifically
at analyzing and diagnosing the problems or factors responsible for pupils poor
performance or factors responsible for pupils poor performance in , and also
seek at providing suitable suggestions that will help improve the teaching and
learning of in primary and junior secondary school in Oredo L.G.A.
It is hoped that the findings
of this project work will be immense benefit to teaching throughout the
Local Government Area, since they will be exposed to the factors responsible
for pupil’s poor performance in which is bordering the development
of education. Thus, enabling them tackle effectively such problems in
time.
This study hopefully will be
useful to teachers in Edo State in general and Oredo L.G.A. in
particular. The result of this finding will guide the classroom teacher on the
methodology to follow when teaching . it will also be of importance to the
pupils as their ability will be improved in relation to their cognitive,
affective and psychomotor domains. There will an improvement in the pupils
thinking ability and their creation skills. It will equally to along way in
reforming the individual and making them to conform to the norms and values of
the society. In a nation building and national reconstruction for social and
economic emancipation of the individual and the Nigerian society.
Besides, it will also inculcate
in the pupils spirit of enquire and creativity though the exploration of nature
and the local environment. Fro example, make them know the objects around, and
what they are used for.
can be defined as the study of man and his social and physical
environment. It is also how man influences the environment and how the
environment in turn influences mankind.
Department | Education |
Project ID Code | EDU0310 |
Chapters | 5 Chapters |
No of Pages | 50 pages |
Methodology | Null |
Reference | YES |
Format | Microsoft Word |
Price | ₦4000, $15 |
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Contact Us On | +2349067372103 |
Contact Us On | +2349094562208 |
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