ABSTRACT
This project work deals on bioremediation of oil polluted soil
through the use of melon seed, the purpose of this study was to find out the
importance of mellon seed in the remediation of spent engine oil polluted soil,
the study aims at highlighting the remediation of polluted soil through the use
of melon seed. In the process of carrying out the study, practical experiments
were carried out to determine out the effect of waste engine oil contaminated
soil on plant growth, in the process of this, it was observed that
bioremediation plays an important role by remediating soil contaminated by
organic and inorganic compounds.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Background of the problem
Statement of the problem
Purpose of the study
Research Questions
Significance of the study
Scope and delimitation of the study
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
Research Design
Sample
Method
Experimental analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data analysis and discussion
Physiochemical analysis on soil sample
Physiochemical analysis on 0 day
Physiochemical analysis on 30 days after pollution
Physiochemical analysis on 60 day
Microbial analysis (Ogiri)
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary
Conclusion
REFERENCES
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO
THE STUDY
Bioremediation is one of the most viable options for remediating
soil contaminated by organic and inorganic compounds considered detrimental to
environmental health. Bioremediation is a process defined as the use of
microorganisms/plants to detoxify or remove organic and inorganic xenobiotics
from the environment. It is a remediation option that offers green technology
solution to the problem of hydrocarbon and heavy metals contamination. The main
advantage of bioremediation is its reduced cost compared to conventional
techniques. Besides cost-effectiveness, it is a permanent solution, which may
lead to complete mineralization of the pollutant. Furthermore, it is a
non-invasive technique, leaving the ecosystem intact (Perelo, 2010).
Bioremediation can deal with lower concentration of contaminants where the
cleanup by physical or chemical methods wouldnot be feasible. For
bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the
pollutants and convert them to harmless products. Bioremediation can be
effective only where environmental conditions permit microbial growth and
activity, its application often involves the manipulation of environmental
parameters to allow microbial growth and degradation to proceed at a faster
rate (Vidali, 2001).
Hydrocarbon considered to be one of the major sources of energy
supply across the world usually constitutes major contaminants to both aquatic
and terrestrial ecosystems. Various techniques has been employed to remediate
soil environment contaminated by hydrocarbons, ranging from physical, to
chemical and mechanical forms of treating or removing the contaminants.
Bioremediation offers a better technique for treatment and removal of these
contaminants into an innocuous substance. Effective bioremediation of hydrocarbons
in the soil environment can be achieved by either or both of the following
techniques: Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation. Microorganisms play a
significant and vital role in bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil
and wastewater. Though when microorganisms especially bacteria are exposed to
higher concentration of metal, it may have cidal effects on them. Hence,
microorganisms are effective only at low metal concentration in the soil.
Microorganisms are usually used for the removal of heavy metals. Microorganisms
can interact with metals and radionuclides via many mechanisms, some of which
may be used as the basis for potential bioremediation strategies (Lloyd et al.,
2005). Mechanisms by which microorganisms act on heavy metals includes
biosorption (metal sorption to cell surface by physiochemical
mechanisms), bioleaching (heavy metal mobilization through the excretion of
organic acids or methylation reactions), biomineralization (heavy metal
immobilization through the formation of insoluble sulfides or polymeric
complexes) intracellular accumulation, and enzyme-catalyzed transformation
(redox reactions) (Lloyd, 2002). Biosorption seems to be the most common
mechanisms (Haferburg and Knothe, 2007). It is the only option when dead cells
are applied as bioremediation agent. However, systems with living cells allow
more effective bioremediation processes as they can self-replenish and remove
metals via different mechanisms (Malik et al., 2004). On the other hand, living
cells shows higher sensitivity to environmental conditions and demand
nutritional and energetic sources. Many genera of microbes like Bacillus, Enterobacter,Escherichia, Pseudomonas and
also some yeasts and moulds help in bioremediation of metal and
chromium-contaminated soil and water by bio-absorption and bioaccumulation of
chromium (Kotas and Stasicka, 2000). The heavy metal removal by the bacteriaPseudomonas was attributed to the
cellular growth of these organisms (Ray and Ray, 2009).
1.2 STATEMENT OF
PROBLEMS
Bioremediation of engine oil polluted soil through agrommeral fertilizer and
fermented melon seed reveals that spent engine oil harden inhibitory or toxic
effect on the growth of crops. The degree of toxicity on crops is attributed to
the contact of the volatile and water soluble hydrocarbons in waste engine oil
with the tissue of the tender crop of absorption of soluble toxic substance by
the plants.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE
STUDY
The
objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of waste engine oil
contaminated soil on plants growth. It is also aimed at ascertaining the
effectiveness of fermented melon seed as a bioremediation agent.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The study
is of utmost importance to researchers; farmers; government and the society as
a whole based on the threat of waste engine oil on the soil. In view of the
above a high premium of remediation strategies is placed on the treatment of
contaminated soil hence the concept of bioremediation.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
This
resear5ch work covers only a site at the College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin.
1.7 DEFINITIONS OF
TERMS
Bioremediation: A
process of returning the environment altered by contaminants to its original
condition biologically.
Contaminants: A
substance that makes something impure.
Microorganism: A
very small living thing that you can only see under a microscope.
Waste Engine Oil: Any
oil that has been refine from crude or any synthetic oil that has been used and
as a result of such use is contaminated by physical or chemical impurities.
Department | Education |
Project ID Code | EDU0248 |
Chapters | 5 Chapters |
No of Pages | 28 pages |
Methodology | Descriptive |
Reference | YES |
Format | Microsoft Word |
Price | ₦4000, $15 |
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Contact Us On | +2347043069458 |