ABSTRACT
Vocational and technical
education (VTE) as a veritable tool in developing the youth for gainful
employment and self-reliance. This research work sees VTE as a practically
oriented education, which provides variety of opportunities for the youth to
develop their potentials. This development will at the end leads to the much
needed technological growth in all facets of the nation’s economy. However, it
is the stand of this work that VTE has so far, not been adequately utilized for
this purpose. The reason for this according to this paper, centers on the fact
that government has not done well enough to popularized VTE among the youths by
way of guidance and counseling in area of gainful employment and self-reliance
in VTE, strategies for promoting sustainable vocational and technical education
for gainful employment were highlighted and recommendation made.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
(INTRODUCTION)
Background to the study
Statement of problem
Purpose of the study
Significance of the
study
Research question
Scope of the study
Limitations of the study
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO (REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE)
The nature of Vocational
and Technical Education
The importance of
Vocational and Technical Education in Nigeria
Concept of unemployment
Causes of unemployment
in Nigeria
Consequences/effects of
youth unemployment
Government response to
youth unemployment
Vocational and Technical
Education as the missing link
Areas of gainful
employment and self-reliance opportunities in Vocational and Technical
Education
Agricultural education
Business education
Computer education
Home economics
Art education
Revitalizing Vocational
and Technical Education in Nigeria
Problems facing
Vocational and Technical Education in Nigeria
Strategies for promoting
sustainable Vocational and Technical Education for gainful employment and
self-reliance
Promoting incentives to
VTE students
Community education
Provision of adequate
occupation guidance and counseling tracing and retraining of VTE instructors
and teachers
Having a share in their
projects
Enlarging employment
opportunities
Provision of micro
credit scheme for VTE students and graduates
The need for
entrepreneurship and information communication technology education in
Vocational and Technical Education
CHAPTER THREE (RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY AND
PROCEDURE OF THE STUDY)
Research design
Population of the study
Sample of the study
Sampling techniques
adopted
Instrumentation
Validation of instrument
Method of data
collection
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
(PRESENTATION OF DATA
DISCUSSION OF RESULT)
Sex distribution of
respondents
Level of education
CHAPTER FIVE
(SUMMARY, CONCLUSION,
RECOMMENDATIONS)
REFERENCE
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE
STUDY
Vocational and technical education has been existing in Nigeria before the
arrival of Western Education, mostly in the form of apprenticeship programmes.
However, formally organized vocational and technical schools were not in
existence till after arrival of western education, on the arrival and co-existing
of western education with the pre-colonial form of vocational and technical
education took off in government organizations such as Nigeria Railway
co-operation, public works department, the marine, post and telegraph etc.
later on few vocational schools were established by both government and
voluntary agencies (Fafunwa 1991).
The design of the Nigeria educational system is flawed, the neglect of
technical education is an obstacle to national development and not everyone
needs a university education. In Nigeria, technical degrees are regarded as
inferior to regular academic degrees, while in advanced nations the reverse is
the case. Individuals who posse’s practical skills with years of field
experience are highly regarded in fact, the worth of everyone depends on the
person’s skills and knowledge and not on the stack of academic degrees one has.
Nigeria must learn to bleed theory and practicals in her education because
theory alone cannot serve any useful purpose (National Policy on Education
1998).
Nigeria in the most populated country in Africa and the eight in the world with
a population of over 140 million people (National population commission 2006).
Nigeria is the eight biggest oil producing country in the world, but it has the
largest population of poor and non-employed people in Sub-Sahara Africa and is
ranked 158th on the human development index there is general
high income greatly which has perpetuated the concentration of wealth of the
nation in the hard of a few individuals (Action Aid Nigeria 2009).
A high level of unemployment and underemployment is one of the critical
Socio-Economic problems facing Nigeria (Salani 2011). While the labour force
grows with an increasing proportion of youth, employment growth is insufficient
to absorb labour market entrants. As a result of this, youth are specifically
affected by unemployment. In 2011, the Minister of Youth Development, Bolaji
Abdulahi reported that 42.2% of Nigeria’s youth population is out of job, while
Depo Oyedokun, the chairman of the house Committee of Youth and Social
Development Revealed that, of the over 40 million unemployed youths in the
country, 23 million are unemployable and therefore susceptible to crone, hence
the need to articulate what would be done to salvage the situation (Emeh,
Nusangura and Abaroh, 2012). The rate of unemployment is increasing because
most graduates lack relevant marketable skills that will make them employable
is industries or related organizations as a result of this, there is a high
level of unemployment in Nigeria.
According to Agi and Yellowe (2013), Education is important to the development
of human resources, importation of appropriate skills, knowledge and attitude.
It is the basis for transformation industrialization and a high way to global
knowledge economy, relating to security, Agi and Yellowe (2013), explained
further that education is regarded as a means of achieving culture of peace,
gender equality and positive African values. It is therefore the understanding
of many that education leads to national transformation and development,
through reduction in poverty withy ensured peace and security.
The National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (2004) document
leads credence to the place of education by clearly explaining it role in self
reliance and development, Agi and Yellowe (2013) also support this when they
asserted that the goals of wealth creation or generation, poverty reduction and
value re-orientation can only be attained and sustained through an efficient
educational system which impacts the relevant skills, knowledge, capacities,
attitude and values. In view of the benefits of education enumerated above,
Nigeria has provided education for decades with abundant available man power. However,
what keeps agitating the nation endlessly border’s on the slow and inefficient
economy, near primitive democracy and violent social co-existence in the
society (NEED, 2004).
Analzing the problem of education in Nigeria, Agi and Yellowe (2013) argued
that the problem is not about curriculum or investment in education neither is
it non availability of man power for the sector, but that many have tended to
look in the direction of management of education which include lack of policy
analysis to make students to fit into the society, yet not relying on the
government of the day but the management ingenuity of education managers and
administrators to make education a building block of Socio-Economic
Empowerment, prosperity, self-reliance, employment, crime reduction and
national security through improved access to quality functional education at
all levels.
However, because of recent happening such as underemployment, poverty,
unemployment and their re-occurring effects, many people have hitherto
criticized formal education for lack of its relevance while some other also
strongly looked down on informal education as being unable to promote the much
needed development, scientific and technological breakthrough. The neglect of
technical and vocational education may have contributed to the high
unemployment and rising poverty among the youth because many of them lack the
basic job skills.
For the mentioned reasons above, it is set to look at the various ways through
which the youths can be developed for gainful employment and be self reliant
through vocational and technical education.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Overtime, there has been a dwindling level of employment in the country and in
the youth specifically. It has been noted that vocational and technical
education has not been embraced by the youths, and this is as a result of one
problem or the other. Youth employment can be increased throughout the country,
but some factors will militate against attaining it most especially because
there are a lot of graduate and under graduates in the streets seeking for
jobs.
However, very little can be said to have been done in terms of research on
youth employment development and self reliance as it is evident in some
researches. Little analysis has been done on the potential benefits of
vocational and technical education (VTE) and this has not been enough to help
improve the rate of employment among youths in the society.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential impact of vocational and
technical education in developing a culture of entrepreneur’s aimed at reducing
unemployment among Nigeria youths. It seeks to assess how the training and
skills acquired from vocational and technical education can provide the
necessary platform to promote entrepreneurship as well as to reduce
unemployment.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
Unemployment as the term implies, has been a major problem experienced all over
the country. Some youths hardly know that vocational and technical education
can enhance the rate of employment in the country as well as the well being of
themselves and the society.
This study will be very beneficial to the youths, also to the state and federal
government, as it is aimed at ascertaining the importance of vocational and
technical education and how it serves as a source of employment and self reliance
for the individuals of the society with reference to the youths in particular.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following are the questions formulated by the researcher which will help
guide the study:-
a. What are the importance’s of vocational and technical
education in Nigeria?
b. What are the relevant areas of self employment
in vocational and technical education?
c. What are the problems and prospects of
vocational and technical education?
d. What are the responses of government towards
youth unemployment?
e. What are the causes of youth unemployment and
the consequences of youth unemployment?
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study is to cover relevant areas as regarded the contribution of vocational
and technical education to the overall improvement of unemployment in the
society. The areas to be covered in this report are some villages from Esan
South East Local Government Area of Edo State.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms are defined as they are going to be used in this study:-
Vocation: A Latin word which means a calling and an
invitation to understand some important tasks.
Unemployment: Unemployment implies lack of employment or
refers to a situation where people are not able to find paid work.
Youth: A young person who has not yet reached adulthood
and refers to the time period before childhood and adulthood
Skills: An ability and capacity acquired through
deliberate systematic and sustained effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout
complex activities or job function involving ideas, things and people.
Department | Education |
Project ID Code | EDU0070 |
Chapters | 5 Chapters |
No of Pages | 78 pages |
Methodology | Null |
Reference | YES |
Format | Microsoft Word |
Price | ₦4000, $15 |
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Contact Us On | +2348039638328 |
Contact Us On | +2347026816414 |
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