ABSTRACT
This project work
provides a general information and knowledge of the effect of overpopulation on
the academic performance of students, using Uselu Secondary School as a case
study. Students academic performance is a matter of concern in any educational
settings, educational psychologist opined that conducive environment is vital
to learning, therefore the size of classes and the population therefore the
thoroughly be considered. Overpopulation is a serious problem in classroom
situation, it lead to congestion of classroom and this adversely affects
learning and performances. Nevertheless, certain measure has to be taken as a
panacea or to curb overpopulation. This study was carried out not only to find
out how overpopulation affects students but also how it affects students
interaction and the frequency used coping strategies adopted by the teachers.
Findings showed that overpopulation diminishes the quality and quantities of
teaching and learning with serious implications for attainment of educational
goals. To solve this problem, it is suggested that both the federal and state
government make the building of additional classrooms and provision of
student’s furniture a priority in their educational planning at all level. The
phenomenon of overcrowded classroom as well as poor quality and inadequate
furniture in the classroom due to unlimited expansion has taken its toll on the
educational system. Only few people will deny that the quality of teaching and
learning is on the decline at all levels of the educational systems. The poor
result of the senior secondary school examination (SSCE) in almost all subjects
in recent years is one potent indicator. The increase in examination
malpractices cannot be divorced from poor sitting arrangement as a result of
overpopulation and class structures. The quality and quality of interaction in
the class are likely to be adversely affected due to lack of space for moving
round the class and the over whelming number of students that the teacher has
to deal with within a forty minutes lesson. Nolasco and Arthu (2001) also
identified five likely problems of overpopulation;
i. Coping
with noise making
ii. Managing
the introduction and setting up of activities
iii. Making
limited resources go a long way
iv. Detecting
individual differences and
v. Monitoring
the work of individuals within the
class.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background to the study
Statement of problem
Objectives of the study
Significance of study
Research questions
Scope of the study
Limitations of the study
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Review of related
literature
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology and
procedure of study
Research design
Population of the study
Sampling of the study
Sample technique adopted
Instrumentation
Method of data
collection
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation of data and
discussion of results
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
BIBLIOGRAPHY
QUESTIONNAIRES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
With increasing population, the number of school going children is increasing
much faster than the number of schools is increasing. The death of good schools
and the greed of school authorities are filling up classrooms to the brim.
Numbers of people complain about their children going to schools where
children’s sit in classes where there is no place to keep chairs and tables.
Education plays a very
important role in shaping the life of any citizen in his or her communities
which he/she find him/her self. The school or learning to be environment must
be conducive for learning to be effective, in other words, conducive
environment assist students in their academics and pave way to learn. The
classroom is the heart of any educational system. No curriculum planning is
complete without implementation and evolution, both of which are mainly carried
out in the classroom. Most of the class activities take place while students
are seated. The sitting arrangement is therefore too important to suffer the
kind of neglect being experienced by many secondary schools in the country.
Overpopulation makes sitting arrangement in a classroom become so complex in
the sense that the number of students will be greater than the seat available.
A place, community or society is said to be over populated, when the resources
or facilities available cannot cater for the residence of that place or
society. In educational settings or school systems overpopulation can be
referred to as a situation whereby the number of students pupils available in
the school system is greater than the resources available in that school. These
include infrastructural facilities i.e. building etc ICT and so on. Performance
in education means learning outcome, it is seen as the capacity of a student
based on defined criteria. Simply put, students performance means the output or
achievement after learning. Educational planning in Nigeria has always been
thought of in terms of quantitative growth, which is usually above the
financial capacity of the government (Adesina, 2000). A recent example is the
implementation of t he current 6-3-3-4 system of education, which is seriously
affected by lack of adequate funding and poor preparation. Even though the
federal and state governments have shown serious commitment to educational
development through their annual budgetary allocation to education in recent
years, the attention given to physical facilities is far from being adequate.
Overpopulated classrooms present a problem not just to teachers, but also to
students. Teachers face problems controlling a dozen students at times because
of unruly behaviour and lots of talking.
These same teachers when presented with the homogenous task of controlling in
excess of 30 students at once will get into a complete mess. It makes a simple
task of taking attendance impossible. Especially teenagers who do not respond
well to directions and rules. On the other hand, some students cannot
concentrate because of other students. The number of failures increases in an
overcrowded class because no students can concentrate on the subject at hand.
This is leading to numerous problems in classrooms which are producing students
with no interest in studies. Action by the government is necessary to reduce
this problem and create an environment for education that pushes students to
perform better. In Nigeria today, education is regarded as an instrument for
excellence for affecting national development. Hence, a national policy on
education has been adopted as the governments own way of achieving some parts
of its national objectives. It is aimed that the secondary education should
emphasized on the preparation of useful living within society sand the
preparation of students for higher education (NPE, 1981, pp. 16),
unfortunately, these aims may not be achieved if the present poor performance
of the secondary school students persists. Overpopulation in classroom reduces
teaching effectiveness, it will put more burden on the teacher, due to the fact
that the teacher cannot devote much time on a particular students when the
teachers are able to devote more time to each students, they can figure out the
best way to solve each students problems in order to make then understand the
lesson better, thus teaching is more effective.
Effect of overpopulation
on the academic performance is that education is the best legacy a nation can
give her citizens, especially the youths. This is because the development of
any nation or community depends largely on the quality of education of such a
nation or community. It is generally believed that basis for any true
development must commence with the development of human resources much than is
said that formal education remains the vehicle for socio-economic development
and social mobilization in any society. Many problems exist in the higher
school of Nigeria, to which many factors are also the root because the problems
to not affect the school environment alone but replicate itself into the larger
society. The desire to be educated gave birth to population in school explosion
and massive enrolment of students into the higher schools. Overpopulation on
the academic performance of students in school is the situation whereby the
facility in school are not enough to cater for the proper teaching and
learning.
This invariably means that the number of students admitted is more than the
available materials and teacher in the school. teacher over population in
higher school as a study the cause and effect would be highlighted and
discussed in relatively few sentences. Also the researcher makes everything
possible to proffer solution to deal with the ailment of overpopulation in
student in Nigeria institution of learning. The study will use of interview and
questionnaire from people to collect necessary data for the completion of this
work. This project work is directed to find out effect of overpopulation on the
academic performance of secondary school students in Egor Local Government Area
of Edo State. inspite of the interest of government and it effort to give
quality education it is sad to know that students academic performance is not
encouragement many reasons have been advanced to have be responsible for this,
one of this reason is overpopulation.
According to Olowo-Onyanemi et al (2003) in his book titles an introduction to
business economics, defined overpopulation as a situation when the people
living in a given country is more than the resources or adequate resources such
as land. Nwena (2000) definers overpopulation as when the people occupying a
given geographical location is more than the available resources. Obi (2005) in
his book philosophical foundation of education page 143, he said that urban
schools are necessarily large in size there is usually a serious control
problem with respect to overpopulation. It is really an established facts that
overpopulation distorts effective learning and good management of any school.
The rise in the population growth in secondary school has really affected the
learning process of the students because of the inadequate facilities which
include classroom, overpopulation has generated poor performance in academic
work and has turned the school environment to a playing ground instead to
learning environment.
STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM
The researcher finds it difficult to gather data as there is no enough data for
this research. Time and finance is also another problem. But in order to
accomplish this task, primary and secondary data are used. These includes
personal interview, observation, questionnaires and review of published
materials in the form of journals, newspapers, handout, and textbooks for the
gathering of information as it was limited to Uselu Secondary School
Secondary School.
OBJECTIVES OF THE
STUDY
The major objectives of this study is to;
i.
Examine the effect of
overpopulation on the academic performance of students in Uselu Secondary
School
ii.
Identify and examine the
psychological effect of overpopulation in the classroom
iii.
The study also aims at
explaining how overpopulation in the classroom also affect teacher in the
teaching/learning process.
iv.
It examines the role of
government to curb overpopulation as a panacea to redress the issue.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
This project work is of great importance in the sense that, it will reveal the
extent at which overpopulation has affected student’s academic performance.
Also it reveals other factors affecting student’s performance as a result of
overpopulation. Furthermore, this study will help the school authority and
teacher to design some measures to curb the effect overpopulation has on the
academic performance of students. And to the educationist, education curriculum
as school structures will be carefully observed to help students learning.
Moreso, serving as a project that would be discovered that overpopulation
affect the academic performance of pupils.
Lastly, it will provide the relevant knowledge and serves as a research tool
for those who need such materials.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i.
Does the size of class
affect student academic performance in school?
ii.
Does sitting arrangement
affect learning?
iii.
Does the number of
students in a class affect student’s concentration?
iv.
Does overpopulation in
school affect student academic performance?
v.
Does overpopulation
affect the efficiency of teachers in the teaching/learning process?
vi.
Does the atmosphere of
learning affect student’s academic performance?
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Overpopulation: Can be defined as an increase in the number of
people living in one geographical area and a place is said to be overpopulated
when the resources available cannot cater for the amount of individual resident
in a particular area.
Academic: Connected with education especially studying
in schools and universities.
Performance: An action or achievement, considered in
relation to how successful it is. The ability to operate capable of high
effectiveness.
Classroom: A building or structure constructed for the
purpose of organizing students for learning. It is referred to as the heart of
any educational system.
Department | Education |
Project ID Code | EDU0031 |
Chapters | 5 Chapters |
No of Pages | 70 pages |
Reference | YES |
Format | Microsoft Word |
Price | ₦4000, $15 |
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Contact Us On | +2347043069458 |