ABSTRACT
This study was aimed at
identifying the effect of manual labour on the academic performance of primary
school pupils in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State and to
proffer possible solutions to the problem. The review of revealed different
forms of child abuse mentioned out to students in some selected school in Ovia
North East Local Government Area of Edo State by parents, teachers and
guardians. Some of the abuse and consequences were attributed to poverty,
ignorance and inaguancies in protection of children while others are seen as
deliberate. The population of the study comprises of five schools selected from
all the primary schools in Esan West Local Government Area. A total of 100
questionnaires were used for data collection and analysis were presented in
table one of five and the total scores were used to analyze the data. It was
revealed that children of school age are thrown out of school because of
inability of their parents to train them. Base on the findings, some recommendations
were made.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter
One
Background of study
Statement of the problem
Purpose of study
Objective of the study
Significance of the
study
Basic assumptions
Research questions
Hypothesis
Scope of the study
Limitation of study
Definition of terms
Chapter Two
Literature review
Self-medication
Causes of drug abuse
Sociology of drug abuse
Effect of drug abuse
Chapter Three
Research Design and
Methodology
Sample and sampling
method
Problems encountered
during the project
Method of data
collection
Data analysis
Chapter Four
Data analysis
Chapter
Five
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
Suggestion and further
research
Bibliography
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Child labour is a global problem and its elimination is being called for in the
world. According to a recent international labour organization (ILO) report, it
was estimated that there are 250 million children between the ages of 5 and 14
years working in developing countries, 120 million are working full-time while
130 million are working part-time. Manual labour in children is widely spread
in Nigeria. According to government figure, household census (1999) 1.7 million
of Nigeria children age 5-7 years old are involved in some kind of work and may
have to miss school to go out for work instead, while many are putting
themselves in arms way.
Manual labour is a productive work (especially physical work done for wages).
Is also a physical work done by people, most especially in contrast to that
done by machines and also to that done by working animals. Report survey
published by an aid agency, International Rescue Committee (IRC) and AVSI
Foundation (2006) showed that 15% of children in Northern Nigeria are involved
in harsh, dangerous labour such as breaking stones, collecting firewood and
prostitution. Nigeria’s constitution (1999) chapter 1, article 34(4) provides
for protection of a child from hazardous and exploitative work. In context
of this project, policy is defined as a cause of action intentionally
undertaken with specific purpose in mind (2005). In its simplest form, plicy
refers to abroad statement that reflects future goals and aspirations and
provides guidelines for carrying out those goals. The government constituted
child labour law to guide the child from hazardous work that could otherwise
interfere with their physical and mental development. However, the
implementation of the child labour policy has attracted the interest of some
academicians.
Academic performance is all the performance reflected on the
education of the child. Meer (2007) stated that education performance reflects
the total involvement of a child or youth in the school environment which
includes social and emotional development, communication and participation in
the classrooms as well as out of class activities. Poor performance means a
child who do not conform to a required standards i.e. late arrival dodging
lessons poor examination achievement. When the academic performance of pupils
in Ovia North East was looked at it gave a sign for justification of
existence poor performance among the pupils. It was viewed in terms of late
arrival absenteeism examination from 2005 to 2010, merely 21 pupils passed
in division 1, 176 in division 2 and 278 failed in division U. many of the
school going age children are being seen by the road side either selling food
items or loitering despite all the efforts being put by the government to
combat manual labour or child labour.
Edo State Government like every other state in Nigeria, has refused to put any
social security policy in place to carter for the benefit of the child in
matters on state affairs. When a child is deprived the basic social needs that
makes life worth living by the society he/she belongs to the birth, such a
child will become victim of transmitting life experience that often leads to
personal problem. Today, in Edo State, many female children are compelled to
help situation in the society to willingly accede to the pressure of their
parents to travel abroad on the sponsorship of some international cartel that
specializes in recruiting under-age female children into prostitution.
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
Manual labour of the child is perceived to be a serious problem, as it is
believed to be destructive to children’s intellectual and physical development
especially that of young children. The danger is exacerbated for those children
who work in hazardous industries. This is theory behind the child labour trap.
If a child is employed and subsequently has low productivity as an adult. So
child labours can directly contribute to adult unemployment in developing
countries. A major covet is that there is very little treatment of such long
term dynamic consequences of child labour, (Annabel, 2008).
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of the study is to examine
the effect of manual labour on the academic performance of primary school
pupils in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. It also suggested
the way to improve children’s welfare and academic performance in schools.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
For the purpose of this study, the researcher imposes the following questions;
1. Can manual labour affect a child’s academic
performance?
2. Can manual labour cause bone fracture in pupils?
3. Can manual labour lead to poor academic
performance among pupils?
4. Can manual labour lead to truancy among pupils?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
The significance of this study can be seen with the fact that manual labour in
children has been depreciating the academic performance of the students in Ovia
North East. Enlightenment of students, labourers, teachers and traders and the
general public will reduce manual labour or child labour in children.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Time factor is one of the major limiting factors, there are not enough time to
travel round the whole state to interview the students, farmers, traders,
teachers individually or collectively. Another limiting factor of the study is
accessibility of some primary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area
of Edo State.
Department | Education |
Project ID Code | EDU0024 |
Chapters | 5 Chapters |
No of Pages | 41 pages |
Methodology | Null |
Reference | YES |
Format | Microsoft Word |
Price | ₦4000, $15 |
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Contact Us On | +2349067372103 |
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