CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The subject
of airport passenger terminal building must involve a discussion of
transportation.
Transportation has
remained one of the most vital factors that influence the development of a
nation. The credibility of this statement has been proven over the centuries,
that if one decides to take a critical look at earlier civilizations, from the
time of early Egyptian civilization to the current civilized world, one will
discover that many of the great feats achieved during these civilizations would
have been impossible without one form of transportation or the other.
By way of
definition; transportation (or transport) is the movement of people, animals
and goods from one
location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable,
pipeline and space. The
field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations.
Transportation is important since it enables trade between people, which in
turn establishes civilizations.
Transport
infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport,
including roads,
railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines and
terminals such as airports,
railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals,
refuelling depots (including fuelling docks and fuel stations) and seaports. Terminals
may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance.
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Vehicles travelling on these networks may
include automobiles,
bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters and aircraft. Operations
deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this
purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport
industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or
private, depending on the country and mode.
Transportation can
be broadly classified under three broad groups thus:
Land transportation;
Water transportation; and
Air transportation.
Land transportation is the most common and dates
back to the beginning of civilization. Land transportation can take various
forms, which are dependent on the sophistication, stage of civilization and
development, and on the technical stratum of the society in question. It can be
by the use of animals (camels, mules, horses, dogs, etc.) or by use of machines
such as wheelbarrows, carts, cars etc.
Similarly, water
transportation dates back a long time as humanity can recall. Water
transportation, as land transportation, has also been developed in complexity,
technical superiority, and usage.
Air transportation
has its origin in the 20th century. The superiority of air
transport over the rest can be attributed the reason behind its progressive
growth and preference as the safest modern mode of transportation.
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1.1.0 BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT
The airpot terminal is a building at an airport
where passengers transfer between ground transportation and the facilities that
allow them to board and disembark from the aircraft. Within the terminal,
passengers purchase tickets, transfer their luggage, and go through security.
The buildings that provide access to the airplanes (via gates) are typically
called concoures. However, the terms terminals and concourses are used
interchangably, depending on the configuration of the airport.
Smaller airports
have one terminal while larger airports have several terminals and/or
concourses. At small airports, the single terminal building typically serves
all of the functions of a terminal and a concourse. Some larger airports have
one terminal that is connected to multiple concourses via walkways,
sky-bridges, or underground tunnels (such as Denver International
Airport). Some larger airports have more than one
terminal, each with one or JohnmoreF.KennedyconcoursesAirport).Stillother
larger(suchairports haveasmultipleNewterminalsYork‟s each of which
incorporate the functions of a concourse (such as Dallas/Fort Worth
International Airport).
According to Frommers, most airport terminals
are built in a plain style, with the concrete boxes of the 1960s and ‟70s glass
boxes in the ‟90s and ‟00s, with the best terminalsr,some,suchas makin
Baghdad International Airport, are monumental in stature, while others are
considered architectural masterpieces, such as Terminal 1 at Charles de
Gaulle Airport near Paris or Terminal 5 at New York‟s John.
AFfew. areKennedydesignedtoreflectAirportthecultureofaparticular
area, some examples being the terminal at Albuquerque International
Sunport in New Mexico, which is designed in the Pueblo Revival Style
popularized by architect John Gaw Meem, as well as the one at Bahiasde
Huatulco International Airport in Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico, which
features some palapas that are interconnected to form the airport terminal
building.
Due to the rapid rise in popularity of passenger
flight, many early terminals were built in the 1930s–1940s and reflected the
popular art deco
style architecture of the time. One such surviving example from 1940 is
the Houston
Municipal Airport Terminal. Early airport terminals opened
directly onto the tarmac: passengers
would walk or take a bus to their aircraft. This design is still common among
smaller airports, and even many larger airports have "bus gates" to
accommodate aircraft beyond the main terminal building.
1.2.0 STATEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEM
A functional airport passenger terminal is meant
to ease the stress encountered by airpassengers during the process of air
travel. Therefore the architectural problem of the project is how best to
provide an aesthetically pleasant, efficient, economical, bigger and more
modern domestic airport passenger terminal, with good flexibility and expansion
capabilities, to replace the outdated and small existing airprot terminal at
Makurdi for Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (FAAN).
1.3.0 AIMS
The primary aims/goals of the design are as
follows:
to provide/design a suitable passenger terminal
building in the Makurdi Airport which would potray a good image of Benue State
to provde a passenger terminal building as well
as other auxilliary facilities with the necessary tools requisite for air
transportation activities as well as upgrade the economic facet of Makurdi
city.
to ensure these facilities will streamline the
productivity in the airport without interruption or interference from each
other or any source; and
to provide a design that will adequately contain
all the kinds of functions and activities associated with air travel to be
carried out in the airport which will be expanded for this purpose.
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1.4.0
OBJECTIVES
The principal
objective of this project is to provide Makurdi Airport with a ultra-modern,
befitting and function passenger airport terminal building which has been badly
absent since the construction of that airport and also to upgrade the landscape
around it and prescribe other salient facilities which have been omitted.
In appreciation of the particular demands of the
project, I opt;
To situate the structure in an ideal location
that easily catches eye sight from around the environment and can be easily
accessible to staff, air travellers, as well as visitors;
To ensure good road network that create easy
flow of vehicular and human traffic;
To consider the environmental consequences as
far as they are not a detriment to the proposed development.
To minimise costs by putting construction
techniques, and employing materials within the level of technology that is
commensurate with our national aspiration.
To ensure flexibility and adaptability for
future changes in use of facilities or space;
To ensure efficient security within and around
the facility premises;
To ensure the terminal building, the parking
lots and other auxilliary facilities are strategically placed for easy
accessibilty from one to the others;
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1.5.0 RESEARCH METHODOLGY
The required information for proper planning and
design of a domestic passenger terminal that will raise the quality and
standard of the Makurdi Airport will be obtained through primary data; direct
interviews with personnel or representatives of existing airports in Nigeria
which basically are FAAN officials, porters on the airport grounds and locals
residing around the airport vicinity, case studies, library research, and
internet surfing. The emerging ideas and opinions or results are manually
organized. On site physical survey will reveal the statistical data inherent of
the site venue and will be gainfully utilized.
1.6.0 PROJECT MOTIVATION
The Federal Government of Nigeria has, in recent
times, moved a motion for the rebranding of the Aviation Industry to upgrade
the facilities within airports owned by the Federal Government as well as check
the activities of private parastatals within the Aviation Industry. Previously,
the airports in the Federation have been either dilapidated or grounded that no
aviation activities take place in such airports. It is to this end that the
Federal Government has moved to build or renovate existing terminal facilities
in the airports within the federation listed below:
Enugu Airport (re-christened Akanu Ibiam
International Airport), Enugu, Enugu State;
Gen. Yakubu Gowon Airport, Jos, Plateau State;
Nnamdi 999Azikiwe International Airport, Abuja,
Federal Capital Territory;
Sam Mbakwe Airport, Owerri, Imo State;
Makurdi Airport, Makurdi, Benue State
1.7.0
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
This scope of this thesis is restricted to the
passenger terminal building within the airport and NOT the entire airport as a
whole. This is to say that the work involves the only the landside of the
airport (and not the airside) which includes the terminal building and
auxiliary (supporting) facilities within the landside premises. These are
briefly listed below:
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v Exterior elements:
Terminal building;
Well-defined road network;
Parking lots;
Signs;
Fire station;
Motel;
v Terminal building:
Entrance hall;
Departure lounge;
Arrivals lounge;
Baggage reclaim hall;
Outbound baggage hall;
Shops and snack bars;
Conveniences;
Supporting office spaces.
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The passenger
terminal building is chosen and located in the Makurdi Airport premises, which
is a domestic airport in Makurdi, Benue State, for the following reasons:
The existing terminal building on the site is
small and outdated;
Aviation prospects in the state of project
location is terribly poor;
The existing facility has no provision for
future expansion.
1.9.0 RELEVANCE
OF PROJECT
This rearch will
help to contribute and extend the frontiers of knowledge in the academic
development of aviation architecture. It also exposes all aspects of
professional details and necessary techniques of scientific investigation in
this field.
In other words,
this guide provides the basic criteria to organize, evaluate, plan, programme
and design airport terminal facilities. The information presented is intended
to make researchers aware of important design considerations and to aid them in
project development.
Department | Architecture |
Project ID Code | ARH0001 |
Chapters | 1 Chapters |
No of Pages | 10 pages |
Reference | YES |
Format | Microsoft Word |
Price | ₦4000, $15 |
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Contact Us On | +2347043069458 |